CWIHP Bulletin nr 11 part 1 New ev

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1995, another Soviet general who took part in some of the me to publish the translation of those pages.
meetings described a typical scene: Unfortunately, the aging photocopy machine at the
Jachranka facility was too slow for me to copy all the
The leader of Poland, Wojciech Jaruzelski, would pages, but I was able to look through the entire notebook
come to the Helenow castle just south of Warsaw,
and ask Anoshkin questions about it. I asked him a few
where Kulikov, after receiving periodic instructions
additional questions about it when I was in Moscow in
from Moscow, would hold arduous conversations with
March 1998.
the clever Pole. General V. Anoshkin and I would sit
Both in Jachranka and after returning to the United
on either side of the marshal.1
States, I went carefully over the notebook (including the
pages I was unable to photocopy) to ensure that it was
What had not been known until very recently,
authentic. I cross-checked the entries with other newly
however, is that Anoshkin kept notebooks with records of
declassified materials, and I asked Anoshkin several
Kulikov s meetings, phone calls, and conversations in
questions about specific points in the notes. In no case did
1981.
I find even the slightest reason to doubt the authenticity of
The existence of these notebooks was first disclosed
the document. Based on my scrutiny of the notebook and
at the conference on Poland 1980-1982: Internal Crisis,
Anoshkin s extreme reluctance to let me photocopy it, I am
International Dimensions, which was co-organized in
fully confident that the document is precisely what it
Jachranka, Poland on 8-10 November 1997 by the Cold
purports to be, namely a record of Kulikov s dealings in
War International History Project, the National Security
Poland in December 1981.
Archive, and the Institute for Political Studies of the Polish
Anoshkin s notebook was very difficult to translate
Academy of Sciences. Kulikov and Anoshkin were among
because of the frequent illegibility of his handwriting, the
the participants. At one point during the conference,
idiosyncratic abbreviations he used, and the enigmatic
Kulikov referred in passing to Anoshkin s notebooks. As
quality of some of his transliterations of Polish surnames
soon as the session ended, several participants went over
and place names. At times I was forced to spend many
to Anoshkin and asked him whether they could see the
hours poring over a few lines. Even after I became
notebook that Kulikov had mentioned. Anoshkin took a
accustomed to Anoshkin s handwriting, the translation
red, hardbound volume out of his briefcase and showed us
was onerous work. The finished product below is the
the page with notes of events that Kulikov had been
result of more than ten preliminary drafts, which I
discussing. Anoshkin pointed out the significance of a
extensively revised and smoothed out. I have tried to
few phrases and explained to us when particular entries
replicate the style and flavor of the original as best as
had been recorded. He answered questions I had about
possible, but for clarity s sake I have used full words to
NEW EVIDENCE ON THE POLISH CRISIS 1980-1982 15
translate a few Russian abbreviations and acronyms that main positions they held in December 1981. The list omits
would be incomprehensible in English. I also have a few individuals of minor importance, but all key Polish
included annotations to point out certain features of the
and Soviet officials are identified there.
text and to identify or comment on events that Anoshkin
. . . . . . . .
discusses. In addition, I have compiled a list of people
[printed above] mentioned in the notebook, indicating the
Mark Kramer, a frequent contributor to the Bulletin, is the
Key Individuals Mentioned In The Anoshkin Notebook
Positions listed are those held in December 1981
ANDROPOV, Yurii Vladimirovich Chairman of the Soviet JANCZYSZYN, Admiral Ludwik Commander of the
Committee on State Security (KGB); member of the CPSU Polish Navy; member of Poland s Military Council for National
Politburo; and member of the CPSU Politburo s Commission on Salvation
the Polish Crisis
JARUZELSKI, Army-General Wojciech General
ANOSHKIN, Lieutenant-General Viktor Ivanovich Secretary, Polish United Workers Party (PUWP); Polish Prime
personal adjutant to Marshal Kulikov Minister; Polish Minister of National Defense; Chairman of
Poland s Military Council for National Salvation
ARISTOV, Boris Ivanovich Soviet Ambassador in Poland
JASINSKI, Division-General Antoni Deputy Chief of the
BAIBAKOV, Nikolai Konstantinovich Chief of Soviet Polish General Staff
State Planning Administration
KHOMENKO, Major-General Aleksandr Andreevich
BORISOV, Colonel-General Grigorii Ivanovich Deputy Soviet military, naval, and air attache in Poland; Soviet GRU
Chief for Political Affairs, USSR s Communication Forces station chief in Warsaw
BREZHNEV, Leonid Il ich CPSU General Secretary KREPSKI, Division-General Tadeusz Commander of the
Polish Air Force; member of Poland s Military Council for
BUJAK, Zbigniew charismatic union organizer and leading National Salvation
official in the Warsaw branch of Solidarity
KRYUCHKOV, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Deputy
CHERNENKO, Konstantin Ustinovich Member of the Chairman of the Soviet KGB; Chief, KGB First Main
CPSU Politburo and CPSU Secretariat; Head of the CPSU CC Directorate (Foreign Intelligence)
General Department; long-time aide to Leonid Brezhnev; and
member of the CPSU Politburo s Commission on the Polish KULIKOV, Marshal of the Soviet Union Viktor
Crisis Georgievich Commander-in-Chief of the Warsaw Pact Joint
Armed Forces; Soviet First Deputy Defense Minister
DZUR, General Martin Czechoslovak Minister of
National Defense LEONOV, Nikolai Sergeevich Soviet KGB deputy station
chief in Warsaw
EMELYANOV, Colonel Fyodor Dmitrievich Chief, Staff
Political Department, Volga Military District LOZOWICKI, Division-General Longin Commander of
Polish Air Defense Forces; member of Poland s Military
FEDOROV, Lieutenant-General Konstantin Vladimirovich Council for National Salvation
Deputy Chief, Central Military Medical Directorate
MEREZHKO, Colonel-General Anatolii Grigor evich
GROMYKO, Andrei Andreevich Soviet Minister of Deputy Chief of Staff, Warsaw Pact Joint Armed Forces
Foreign Affairs; member of the CPSU Politburo; and member of
the CPSU Politburo s Commission on the Polish Crisis MICHNIK, Adam Polish historian and leading Solidarity
intellectual
GURUNOV, Colonel Svet Semenovich Officer for the
Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) of the Soviet General Staff MIKHAILIN, Admiral Vladimir Vasil evich Deputy
Commander-in-Chief for Naval Forces, Warsaw Pact Joint
HUPALOWSKI, Division-General Tadeusz First Deputy Armed Forces
Chief of the Polish General Staff; member of Poland s Military
Council for National Salvation MILEWSKI, Miroslaw Polish Minister of Internal Affairs, [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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